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Emmanuel Lazare (1864–1 January 1929)〔Michael Anthony, "Mzumbo Lazare - Reformer", ''Trinidad Express'', 12 January 2000, pp. 34-35.〕 was an African-Trinidadian lawyer and social activist, who was known as Mzumbo Lazare (the forename sometimes spelled M'zumbo or Mazumbo) after he chose to adopt an African name to show his pride in his heritage.〔Bridget Brereton, (''An Introduction to the History of Trinidad and Tobago'' ), Heinemann Educational Publishers, 1996, p. 70.〕 Maureen Warner-Lewis writes that the fact that "Lazare appropriated, or condoned the use of, an overtly African designation....was a symbol of his identification with black people and the poor. He was a defender of their rights, joined the Pan-African Association founded in 1901 in England by fellow Trinidadian Henry Sylvester Williams, and became a moving spirit behind democratic political reforms at the turn of the twentieth century."〔Maureen Warner-Lewis, ''Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending time, Transforming Cultures'', Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 2003, p. 80.〕 ==Biography== Born in Trinidad to migrants from Guadeloupe, Lazare was educated in Port of Spain〔("M’zumbo Lazare" ), ''Trinidad Express Newspapers'', 3 July 2013.〕 at two of the leading schools there, the Boys' Model School and St Thomas Roman Catholic School, as well as at either Queen's Royal College or CIC.〔Carl C. Campbell, (''The Young Colonials: A Social History of Education in Trinidad and Tobago 1834–1939'' ), Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1996, p. 6.〕 He became an articled clerk with the French creole solicitor Andre Maingot,〔 going on to be the first Trinidadian to pass the local examination of the Incorporated Law Society of England, without going abroad, and qualify as a solicitor in 1895.〔Nasser Khan, ("Emmanuel Mzumbo Lazare" ), ''Profiles – Heroes, Pioneers & Role Models of Trinidad & Tobago'', Safari Publications, 2012, p. 17.〕 He later became a barrister.〔 He joined the part-time Volunteer Corps of Trinidad, the only black officer, and represented the Corps at Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations in London in 1897. On meeting him the Queen asked whether he spoke English, and Lazare famously replied: “Yes, Ma’am, in the West Indies we all speak English.”〔 Lazare was decorated by the Queen and received the royal message to the colony, an event reported in the local, regional and British press. He became a close associate of Henry Sylvester-Williams and was vice-president of the Trinidad branch of the Pan-African Association, which had been founded in London by Williams〔 after the First Pan-African Conference〔Tony Martin, ("African and Indian Consciousness" ), ''General History of the Caribbean'', UNESCO, 1996, Volume V, Chapter 6, p. 260.〕 to challenge paternalism, racism and imperialism.〔("Except for their excellent footprints" ), Arouca Tidbits, 15 January 2009.〕 Very successful in his law career, Lazare wanted to make a wider contribution to his country and to encourage racial pride among his people. He became involved in local politics, and played a leading role in the campaign against Crown Colony government that culminated in the Water Riots in Port of Spain in 1903.〔 This led to him being prosecuted but the jury took little time to find him not guilty. Lazare was elected to the Port of Spain City Council in 1914, and in 1920 was appointed to the Legislative Council.〔 At his death in 1929 he was much respected as a hero and role model.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emmanuel Mzumbo Lazare」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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